The air filter is made of a fibrous material, such as paper or cotton, which is pleated to increase the surface area for trapping contaminants. The pleats create a larger surface area, allowing the filter to capture more particles and extend its service life. As air flows through the filter, dirt, dust, and other impurities are trapped in the fibers, while clean air continues to flow into the engine. This filtration process ensures that the air entering the engine is free from harmful particles that could damage sensitive components.

A clean air filter is crucial for maintaining proper engine performance. If the air filter becomes clogged with dirt or debris, it can restrict airflow, leading to poor engine performance, reduced fuel efficiency, and even engine damage in extreme cases. Symptoms of a dirty or clogged air filter include decreased power, rough idling, or increased fuel consumption. Therefore, regular inspection and replacement of the air filter are essential for keeping the engine running smoothly.